过去完成时：

1．构成：had + 过去分词

2．功能：

（1）表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。

►. They had got everything ready before I came.
►. The play had begun before I got to the theater with my boyfriend.

（2）过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一……就”）

►. She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang.
►. No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.（注意 no sooner 在句首时句型倒装。）

（3）intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。

►. I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
（……原想昨天去看你……）
►. They had planed to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because the bad weather.
（……原计划上周举行一场足球赛……）

测试精编

1. -Let's hurry! The president is coming. -Oh, I was afraid that we ________.
A. already miss him            B. had already missed him
C. will miss him already         D. have already missed him

2. Your letter came just as I ________ my office.
A. was leaving                B. would leave
C. had left                    D. left

3. I ________ my keys, I can't remember where I last saw them.
A. was losing      B. lost        C. had lost       D. have lost

4. Nobody knew where the teacher ________.
A. has gone                   B. would have gone
C. had gone                   D. would be gone

5. The sportsmen ________ training for 3 hours when the coach told them to break off for rest.
A. have been      B. are
C. had been        D. were  

KEYS

1. B    2. A    3. D    4. C    5. C